Anticholinergics, also known as antimuscarinics, have long been used to treat and prevent bradycardia during the anesthetic period (figure 1). Antiarrhythmics are typically classified according to their predominant electrophysiologic effect on myocardial cells. However, the electrophysiologic effects of. half the dextrose should be given as a bolus and the remainder administered i. v. traditional treatment of inflammatory airway diseases in veterinary patients consists of high dose, longterm treatment with oral glucocorticoids. Horses are extremely sensitive to. a guideline for a dose of bolus fluids includes 20ml/kg to 30ml/kg of crystalloids, 5ml/kg to 20ml/kg of synthetic colloids and 2ml/kg to 4ml/kg of hypertonic saline.
